If you read writings from the Church Fathers, you will find that belief in the True Presence of the Eucharist (that it is not symbolic) was universal. Why? Because this doctrine was passed down to them from the Apostles and from Jesus himself. St. Ignatius of Antioch, in just one instance of such attestation, wrote in his Epistle to the Smyrnaeans “They [the heretics] abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they confess not the Eucharist to be the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ, which suffered for our sins, and which the Father, of His goodness, raised up again. Those, therefore, who speak against this gift of God, incur death in the midst of their disputes. But it were better for them to treat it with respect, that they also might rise again” (Ch. 7). The writer of this epistle is St. Ignatius of the ancient city of Antioch (which is now a town in modern-day Turkey). He was a bishop in the first century, taught and ordained by St. John the Apostle, and later eaten by lions in the Roman Colosseum which is often reflected in his iconography, as in the photo above. In this letter, he writes to the Christians in the city of Smyrna (also in modern-day Turkey). This letter in particular gives a clarifying glimpse into what early Christians believed. Remember, he was an ordained bishop taught by St. John, and remember, “the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch,” so we can trust his testimony (Acts 11:26).